संस्कृत → मराठी
Sanskrit to Marathi
Marathi shares its script with Sanskrit and a great deal of its vocabulary, inherited through Maharashtri Prakrit. This page shows how Sanskrit words changed on the way into Marathi, gives everyday Sanskrit sentences with Marathi meaning, and points out the grammar that Marathi kept from Sanskrit.
Sanskrit and Marathi: the script
Marathi is written in Devanagari, the same script as Sanskrit, with a few Marathi-specific letters such as ळ. That makes Sanskrit easy to read for Marathi speakers from day one — the challenge is only the grammar.
Sanskrit and Marathi: the grammar
Like Sanskrit, Marathi has three genders, including the neuter (नपुंसकलिंग): घर and पुस्तक are neuter in both languages. Marathi also keeps more case endings than Hindi — घरात (in the house), शाळेत (in school) — which feels close to Sanskrit गृहे, विद्यालये. Sanskrit's dual number, however, has disappeared.
How Sanskrit words changed in Marathi
| Sanskrit | Marathi | English |
| हस्त | हात | hand |
| दुग्ध | दूध | milk |
| कर्ण | कान | ear |
| ग्राम | गाव | village |
| गृह | घर | house |
| अग्नि | आग | fire |
| सप्त | सात | seven |
| दन्त | दात | tooth |
| ओष्ठ | ओठ | lip |
| कर्म | काम | work |
| अद्य | आज | today |
| पानीय | पाणी | water |
| पुष्प | फूल | flower |
| विद्यालय | विद्यालय | school (tatsam) |
10 everyday Sanskrit sentences with Marathi meaning
| Sanskrit | Marathi | English |
| अहं गच्छामि। | मी जातो. | I go. |
| त्वं कुत्र गच्छसि? | तू कुठे जातोस? | Where are you going? |
| भवतः नाम किम्? | तुमचे नाव काय आहे? | What is your name? |
| मम नाम रामः। | माझे नाव राम आहे. | My name is Rama. |
| सः पुस्तकं पठति। | तो पुस्तक वाचतो. | He reads a book. |
| वयं विद्यालयं गच्छामः। | आम्ही शाळेत जातो. | We go to school. |
| गौः दुग्धं ददाति। | गाय दूध देते. | The cow gives milk. |
| जलं पिबतु। | पाणी प्या. | Please drink water. |
| भवान् कथम् अस्ति? | तुम्ही कसे आहात? | How are you? |
| अहं कुशली अस्मि। | मी बरा आहे. | I am fine. |
Marathi New Year, Gudi Padwa, falls on Chaitra Shukla Pratipada and begins the Shaka year — both Sanskrit calendar ideas. See the Marathi calendar, and for Hindi comparisons Sanskrit to Hindi.
How to translate Sanskrit into Marathi
- Find the verb (usually last) and read its ending to know the subject: -आमि = I, -असि = you, -अति = he/she.
- Read each noun's ending for its role — the Vibhakti chart lists them.
- Split joined words using sandhi rules.
- Rebuild the sentence in natural Marathi word order with the postpositions Marathi needs.
For word meanings, use the Sanskrit dictionary (Hindi and English). The same comparison for other languages: Hindi, English, Gujarati, Bengali.
Frequently asked questions
Is Marathi derived from Sanskrit?
Marathi developed from Maharashtri Prakrit, a descendant of Old Indo-Aryan, and borrowed heavily from Sanskrit; both use Devanagari.
How do you say 'How are you?' in Sanskrit and Marathi?
Sanskrit: भवान् कथम् अस्ति? Marathi: तुम्ही कसे आहात?
Does Marathi have neuter gender like Sanskrit?
Yes. Marathi kept masculine, feminine and neuter genders — for example घर (house) is neuter.